Relief Strategies for Menstrual Cramps
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What to know about MENSTRUATION?
Menstruation, also known as a period, is the normal, cyclical shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium) through the vagina, typically occurring monthly in women. This process prepares the body for potential pregnancy each month, and if pregnancy does not occur, the lining is shed, resulting in bleeding.
Below some breakdown details:
- Preparation for pregnancy: Every month, the uterus (womb) builds up a thick lining (endometrium) in anticipation of a fertilized egg.
- Shedding if no pregnancy: If the egg is not fertilized, the hormone levels drop, causing the uterine lining to break down and be expelled through the vagina as menstrual blood.
- Menstrual blood: The blood is a mix of blood and tissue from the uterine lining.
- Cycle length: A typical menstrual cycle lasts between 21 and 35 days, with the first day of menstruation being the start of the cycle.
- Variability:
- The length and flow of menstrual cycles can vary from woman to woman, and even within the same woman’s own cycle.
What are Menstrual CRAMPS?
Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are primarily caused by the uterus contracting to shed its lining during menstruation. This contraction is triggered by hormonelike substances called prostaglandins, which also increase pain and inflammation. Other conditions can also cause or worsen cramps, including endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and adenomyosis.
Potential Main Causes:
1. Normal Uterine Contractions:
- Hormonal Influence: Prostaglandins, released during menstruation, cause the uterus to contract, squeezing the uterine blood vessels and potentially reducing blood flow, which can lead to pain.
- Increased Prostaglandin Levels: Some women have higher prostaglandin levels, leading to more intense contractions and, consequently, more severe cramps.
2. Conditions that May Worsen or Cause Cramps:
- Endometriosis: Endometrial tissue, similar to the uterine lining, grows outside the uterus, often on the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or pelvic lining. This can cause pain, bleeding, and inflammation.
- Uterine Fibroids: Noncancerous growths on the uterus wall can also cause pain and cramping.
- Adenomyosis: The uterine lining grows into the muscular walls of the uterus, causing inflammation and pain.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID):An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, can lead to pelvic pain and cramps.
- Cervical Stenosis: A small opening in the cervix can impede menstrual flow, causing painful pressure buildup in the uterus.
Symptoms
Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, often described as throbbing or cramping, that can start 1 to 3 days before a period and peak within the first 24 hours. This pain typically subsides after 2 to 3 days. Other common symptoms include lower back pain, pain radiating down the thighs, nausea, headache, fatigue, and in some cases, diarrhea or vomiting.
Key symptoms of menstrual cramps include:
- Lower abdominal pain: This pain can be a dull ache, sharp pain, or throbbing sensation.
- Pain location and intensity: Cramps are most intense in the lower abdomen but may also extend to the lower back and thighs.
- Pain timing: Cramps can start a few days before the period, peak around the onset of menstruation, and subside within a few days.
- Additional symptoms: Some individuals may also experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, fatigue, and in some cases, fainting.
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